Hi Link,
Please make sure that have you deleted all caches in the following folders:
1. C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WebsiteCache
2. C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SharePoint Designer\ProxyAssemblyCache
3. C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Web Server Extensions\Cache
If the issue persists after doing the steps above, I'd like to confirm if you have used custom activity in your workflow.
In addition, if you have SharePoint 2010 installed, to narrow down the root cause of this issue, you can remove it and check to see if the issue persists.
You can also check the maintenance page for any related information.
Thanks,
Allen Qiu